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1 spondeo
spondĕo, spŏpondi, sponsum, 2 ( perf. spepondi, Cic., Caes., and Val. Antias ap. Gell. 7, 9, 12 sq.; Inscr. Orell. 4358;I.without redup. sponderat,
Tert. Carm. adv. Mart. 3, 135; subj. sponsis = spoponderis, an ancient formula of prayer in Fest. p. 351 Müll.), v. a. [akin with spendô, to pour out, = libare; cf. spondai, league].Jurid. and publicists' t. t.A.In bargains, covenants, treaties, etc., to promise solemnly, to bind, engage, or pledge one's self (class.; syn.: recipio, stipulor, promitto; cf.: vadimonium obire, vadari); according to the civil law in its original form, it was essential to a binding contract verbally made (verbis) that a proposition and its acceptance should be expressed by the question spondes? and the answer spondeo; and only at a later period was the use of promitto, etc., valid (v. Sandars, Introd. ad Just. Inst. p. LV): verbis obligatio fit ex interrogatione et responsione, velut, Dari spondes? Spondeo. Dabis? Dabo. Promittis? Promitto;B.sed haec quidem verborum obligatio: dari spondes? spondeo, propria civium Romanorum est, cetera vero juris gentium sunt,
Gai. Inst. 3, 91 sq.; Dig. 45, 1, 126; 45, 1, 133; cf.the whole title,
ib. 45, 1: De verborum obligationibus: He. Aeternum tibi dapinabo victum, si vera autumas... Er. Sponden' tu istut? He. Spondeo, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 118: qui stulte spondet, Cato ap. Rufin. 18, p. 210:quis stipulatus est? Ubi? Quo die? Quis spopondisse me dicit? Nemo,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 13:ut aliquando spondere se diceret,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142:si quis quod spopondit, quā in re verbo se obligavit uno, si id non facit, etc.,
id. Caecin. 3, 7:faeneris, quod stipulanti spoponderam tibi, reliquam pensiunculam percipe,
Col. 10 praef.:ego meā fide spondeo futurum ut omnia invenias, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 1, 14, 10.—To promise for another, to become security for a person, to enter bail, etc.:2.quod multis benigne fecerit, pro multis spoponderit,
has become security, Cic. Planc. 19, 47:sed tamen scire velim quando dicar spopondisse et pro patre anne pro filio,
id. Att. 12, 14, 2:quod pro Cornificio me abhinc annis XXV. spopondisse dicit Flavius,
id. ib. 12, 17:et se quisque paratum ad spondendum Icilio ostendere,
Liv. 3, 46, 7:sponsum diceres advocasse, Cic. Fragm. Clod. et Cur. 3, 4, p. 29 B. and K.: hic sponsum vocat,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 67:sponsum descendam, quia promisi,
Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2. —Transf., of promises or pledges made in behalf of a government, etc.:C.non foedere pax Caudina, sed per sponsionem facta est... Spoponderunt consules, legati, quaestores, tribuni militum,
Liv. 9, 5, 4:quod spondendo pacem servassent exercitum,
id. 9, 8, 15:quid tandem si spopondissemus urbem hanc relicturum populum Romanum?
id. 9, 9, 6:ea demum sponsio esset, quam populi jussu spopondissemus,
id. 9, 9, 13:hosti nihil spopondistis, civem neminem spondere pro vobis jussistis,
id. 9, 9, 16.—Esp., to promise or engage in marriage, betroth: qui uxorem ducturus erat ab eo unde ducenda erat, stipulabatur eam in matrimonium ductam iri; [p. 1746] qui daturus erat itidem spondebat. Tum quae promissa erat sponsa appellabatur, qui spoponderat ducturum, sponsus, Sulp. Dot. ap. Gell. 4, 4, 2: Ly. Istac lege filiam tuam sponden' mihi uxorem dari? Ch. Spondeo. Ca. Et ego spondeo idem hoc, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 38 sq.; 2, 4, 172: Me. Etiam mihi despondes filiam? Eu. Illis legibus, Cum illā dote quam tibi dixi. Me. Sponden' ergo? Eu. Spondeo, id. Aul. 2, 2, 78: Ph. Spondesne, miles, mi hanc uxorem? Th. Spondeo. Ph. Et ego huic victum spondeo, id. Curc. 5, 2, 73 sq.: sponden tu ergo tuam gnatam uxorem mihi? Ch. Spondeo et mille auri Philippum dotis, id. Trin. 5, 2, 34.—Hence, of women, alicui sponsam esse, to be betrothed, engaged to a man:D.si volt Demipho Dare quantum ab hac accipio, quae sponsa est mihi,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 52:scis, sponsam mihi (esse)?
id. Eun. 5, 9 (8), 6; Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 101 sq.; 2, 4, 172; 2, 4, 174; id. Poen. 5, 3, 43.—= sponsionem facere (v. sponsio, II.), to lay a judicial wager, to enter into an agreement to pay contingent on the truth or falsity of an assertion: si hoc ita est, qui spondet mille nummūm? P. Afric. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 11, 9.— So, absol.:II. 1.cum illi jacenti latera tunderentur, ut aliquando spondere se diceret,
should declare that he made the required wager, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142 (cf. sponsum, P. a. fin. infra); Dig. 11, 5, 3.—With fut. inf.:2.promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,
Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51:ut (eum) inimicissimum huic conjurationi futurum esse, promittam et spondeam,
id. Mur. 41, 90:et ipse spondeo et omnes hoc tibi tui pro me recipient, te fructum esse capturum, etc.,
id. Fam. 13, 50, 2:quis est qui spondeat eundum, si differtur bellum, animum postea fore,
Liv. 5, 5, 9:quae si perpetua concordia sit, quis non spondere ausit, maximum hoc imperium brevi futurum esse?
id. 5, 3, 10:spondebant animis id (bellum) P. Cornelium finiturum,
with full conviction, id. 28, 38, 9; cf. id. 3, 59, 3:sponde affore reges,
Val. Fl. 3, 504.—With inf. pres., to warrant, give assurance of an existing fact:3.spondebo enim tibi, vel potius spondeo in meque recipio, eos esse M'. Curii mores,
Cic. Fam. 13, 17, 2.—With acc. of thing (and often dat. pers.):4.quibus cum consulem suum reliquissent, honores et praemia spopondistis,
Cic. Phil. 5, 11, 28: mihi sex menses sati' sunt vitae, septimum Orco spondeo, Poët. ap. Cic. Fin. 2, 7, 22: ea spondent, confirmant, quae, quidem mihi exploratiora essent, si remansissem, Cic Att. 11, 6, 3:quod ego non modo de me tibi spondere possum, sed de te etiam mihi,
id. Fam. 15, 21, 1:ac de infante (Tiberio) Scribonius mathematicus praeclara spopondit,
Suet. Tib. 14:tantum sibi vel de viribus suis, vel de fortunā spondentes,
Just. 3, 4, 1; Amm. 24, 1, 8:illius et dites monitis spondentibus Indi,
Val. Fl. 6, 117:non si mihi Juppiter auctor Spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo,
Verg. A. 5, 18:spondere fidem,
Ov. M. 10, 395:officium Amori,
id. ib. 10, 418.—Transf., of inanim. or abstract subjects (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):A.nec quicquam placidum spondentia Martis Sidera presserunt,
Ov. Ib. 217:quod prope diem futurum spondet et virtus et fortuna vestra,
Liv. 7, 30, 8:eorum hominum erat, qui, quantum spes spopondisset, cuperent, ni, etc.,
id. 45, 19, 7:magna de illo (Philippo) spes fuit propter ipsius ingenium, quod magnum spondebat virum,
Just. 7, 6, 1.— Hence, sponsus, a, um, P. a., promised, engaged, betrothed, affianced; substt,sponsus, i, m., a betrothed man, a bridegroom: virgo Sponso superba, Titin. ap. Non. 305, 5:B.accede ad sponsum audacter,
id. ib. 227, 15; Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 78:sponsus regius,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 10.— Poet., of Penelope's suitors, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28.—spon-sa, ae, f., a betrothed woman, a bride:C.scio equidem, sponsam tibi esse et filium ex sponsā tuā,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 12; Ter. And. 2, 1, 24:flebilis sponsa,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 21 et saep.—Prov.: suam cuique sponsam, mihi meam, i. e. every one to his taste, Atil. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 20, 3.—sponsum, i, n., a covenant, agreement, engagement: sponsum negare, to break or disown one's pledge, Hor. S. 1, 3, 95:(β).sponsus contra sponsum rogatus,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 107 Müll.—Esp., a judicial wager (cf. sponsio, II.):ex sponso egit,
Cic. Quint. 9, 32. -
2 spōnsus
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3 pacisco
păcisco, ĕre, 3, v. n. and a. [collat. form of dep. paciscor, q. v.], to agree, contract, bargain, covenant (class. only in perf. part. pass.): id quoque paciscunt, Naev. ap. Non. 474, 17:A.paciscit, obsides ut reddant,
id. ib. 18.—Hence, pactus, a, um, in pass. signif., agreed upon, settled, determined, covenanted, stipulated (class.).In gen.:B.pactum pretium,
Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:pacta praemia,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 2:dies,
id. Cat. 1, 9, 24:merces,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 22:foedus,
Cic. Sest. 14, 33:cum hoste pactae induciae,
id. Off. 1, 10, 33.—In the abl. absol.:quidam pacto inter se ut victorem res sequeretur, ferro decreverunt,
by agreement, Liv. 28, 21, 5; Sil. 14, 97.—In partic., betrothed:1.haec tibi pacta'st Callicli filia,
Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 59:cujus filio pacta est Artavasdis filia,
Cic. Att. 5, 21, 2:alii pacta puella,
Tac. A. 1, 55:Turnus, cui pacta Lavinia fuerat,
Liv. 1, 2:conjux,
Verg. A. 10, 722.—Hence, as subst.pacta, ae, f., a betrothed woman:2.gremiis abducere pactas,
Verg. A. 10, 79:pacta ejus, Menelai filia,
Vell. 1, 1, 3; Juv. 6, 200.—pactus, i, m., a betrothed husband, a man engaged or promised in marriage:3.proles Amissum didicere patrem, Marpissaque pactum,
Stat. Th. 3, 172.—pactum, i, n., an agreement, covenant, contract, stipulation, compact, pact (cf.:(β).conventio, pactio, obligatio): pactum est, quod inter aliquos convenit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 68; cf. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:pacta et promissa semperne servanda sint,
Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:mansit in condicione atque pacto,
id. Verr. 1, 6, 16:pacti et conventi formula,
id. Caecin. 18, 51; cf.:ex pacto et convento,
id. Att. 6, 3, 1:pacta conventaque,
Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1:stare pacto,
Liv. 9, 11:pactum violans,
Vulg. Mal. 2, 10 et saep.—Hence (eccl. Lat.), the covenant of God:dereliquerunt pactum Domini,
Vulg. Deut. 29, 25; id. 3 Reg. 11, 11; id. 2 Par. 6, 14.— Poet.:sacrum,
i. e. a marriagecontract, Val. Fl. 8, 401; cf. Juv. 6, 25.—Transf., in gen., abl. pacto (like ratione and modo), manner, way, means (class.):percontat Aeneas, quo pacto Troiam urbem liquerit,
Naev. Bell. Pun. 2, 1:si non fecero ei male aliquo pacto,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 27; id. Am. prol. 137:nescio quo pacto semper hoc fit,
how, Cic. Mur. 21, 43; id. Quint. 17:non tacebo umquam alio pacto, nisi, etc.,
Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 46:aliquo pacto verba his dabo,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 13:quoquo pacto tacito est opus,
id. Ad. 3, 2, 44: si nullo alio pacto, id. Phorm. 2, 1, 71:alio pacto docere,
Cic. Inv. 1, 21, 30:fieri nullo pacto potest, ut, etc.,
id. Fin. 1, 8, 27; Ter. And. 1, 5, 12:servi mei si me isto pacto metuerent,
Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10; 1, 8, 13:hoc pacto,
Verg. G. 2, 248. -
4 concubinatus
concŭbīnātus, ūs, m. [id.].I.Union of a man with an unmarried woman (usu. of a lower social grade than himself), concubinage (opp. matrimonium on the one hand, and adulterium or stuprum on the other;* II.not in Cic.): emere aliquam in concubinatum sibi,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 102:in concubinatum alicui dare (opp. in matrimonium),
id. Trin. 3, 2, 64; cf. Dig. 25, 7, 1; 48, 5, 13.—
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